Impact of physical criteria on thermal performance of different types of historical Houses in Hamedan City

As one of the oldest cities in Iran, Hamedan is thousands of years old. The oldest houses in Hamedan date back to the time of the Ashkaneniads. Archeological excavations discovered in the 1990s, the remnants of these houses in Hegmataneh hill. Houses belonging to the era before the Qajar dynasty are rare in Hamedan. However, there are plenty of architectural structures belonging to the Qajar era, including homes. This study is an applied study with diverse nature, employing both qualitative and quantitative methods. It delves into the climate of Hamedan based on the climatic records from 1976 to 2015. Following this, the research selected 33 historic houses in Hamedan with full information, and documents for structural analysis of houseschr('39') common physical characteristics based on indicators affecting their thermal performance are classified. Next, the computer simulation method is used to evaluate selected houseschr('39') thermal performance, and the results are analyzed based on comparative attitude and correlation test. The historic houses in Hamedan can be divided into three categories based on the physical criteria significant to the thermal functioning of the houses: Type A: Qajar era houses with internal form and central yard and interior and exterior spaces. Type B: Houses of late Qajar and early Pahlavi era with a mixture of internal and external types. Type C: Houses that were under the effect of western architecture and were external. Also, the results of correlation analysis show that between the indicators of the ratio of the total surface area to the volume (A/V), the ratio of Full space to empty space (density), the thickness of external walls, and thermal mass and energy consumption, there is an inverse correlation with high intensity. Simultaneously, there is a direct and high correlation between the ratio of the openings area to the side area and the yardchr('39')s size and the amount of energy consumption. And between the indexes of the ratio of building height to yard width (H/W), building height to yard length (H/L) and the ratio of side area to volume (S/V) and energy consumption are directly correlated with low intensity.